Mechanism action of homocysteine and its thiolactone in haemostasis system
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Mechanism of action of homocysteine and its thiolactone in hemostasis system.
In the article, the actions of homocysteine (Hcys) and its metabolite - cyclic thioester - homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) on complex process of hemostasis, which regulates the flowing properties of blood, are described. Possible interaction of Hcys and HTL with endothelial cells, blood platelets, plasmatic fibrinogen and plasminogen, as the important major components of hemostasis are also disc...
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Editing of the non-protein amino acid homocysteine, a frequent type of error-correcting process in amino acid selection for protein synthesis by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, results in formation of a cyclic thioester, homocysteine thiolactone. Here it is shown that human cells in which homocysteine metabolism is deregulated by a mutation in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene and/or by an ant...
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Homocysteine thiolactone is a highly reactive homocysteine derivative that can react easily with proteins. Protein homocysteinylation has been suggested as a possible mechanism underlying the pathological consequences of impaired homocysteine metabolism. Homocysteine inhibits key steps of angiogenesis and tumor invasion. It can be hypothesized that homocysteine thiolactone could mimic the descr...
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Homocysteine thiolactone is formed in all cell types studied thus far as a result of editing reactions of some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Because inadvertent reactions of thiolactone with proteins are potentially harmful, the ability to detoxify homocysteine thiolactone is essential for biological integrity. This work shows that a single specific enzyme, present in mammalian but not in avian s...
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Hyperhomocysteinemia and insulin resistance are independent factors for cardiovascular disease. Most of the angiotoxic effects of homocysteine are related to the formation of homocysteine thiolactone and the consequent increase in oxidative stress. We have recently found that homocysteine thiolactone inhibits insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity, which results in decreased phosphatidylinos...
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